Emma Clarke-Deelder, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Scientific Collaborator in the Household Economics and Health Systems Research unit of the Epidemiology and Public Health department at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. Her research interests include the evaluation of approaches to improving maternal and child health care services in low-income settings, health care quality measurement, and research methods for causal inference from observational data. Emma holds a PhD in Population Health Sciences from Harvard University, an MPhil in Development Studies from the University of Cambridge, and a BA in Government from Cornell University. Prior to beginning her PhD, she worked with Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, in Geneva, Switzerland, and Laterite, a research and advisory firm in Kigali, Rwanda.